People are missing the point of the water question. It's not a chemistry question it's a logic question. Point A on it's own would make it valid, but Point B means that a scientist can have a substance in front of him that he defines as water and have it turn out to be something else. Logically that substance is still water because it was defined as such and that would make the conclusion invalid. Does it make sense in the real world? No. In the real world it would need to be made of the expected atoms to be water. But like the question about Paris, New Zealand and barking ducks these aren't real world questions.
If it said
a) Jenny lives in Paris.
b) There is a Paris in New Zealand.
c) There is a Paris in France
d) There is a Paris in Vermont
Conclusion
Therefore Jenny lives in New Zealand.
Then it would be incorrect. However all we know is:
a) Jenny lives in Paris.
b) Paris is in New Zealand.
Conclusion
Therefore Jenny lives in New Zealand.