Archaeologists studying an excavation in Nördlingen, Germany, have uncovered a sword in a grave that contained a man, a woman, and a young boy. It was among other weapons and artifacts included in the burial, which is considered around 3,000 years old. But the sword has been uniquely preserved, and looks only a few years old. The sword is bronze, made by the applied bronze casting method, which is labor intensive and requires quite a bit of skill. Scientists don't know where it was made. But you might wonder how it was preserved so long in such a pristine condition. It's all about the cuprous salts.

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Copper-based artifacts create exceptional preservational circumstances because copper salts ward off microbes and copper doesn't corrode the same way that iron does. This can often lead to artifacts looking practically brand new, like this 400 year old chafing dish fragment. pic.twitter.com/BYTzX4yqrZ

— Bill Farley, Chafing Dish Enthusiast (@ArchaeologyGame) June 15, 2023

You can read more about the chemistry involved in the Twitter thread. We don't know if the sword has been removed from the site yet, but there's a possibility that whoever lifted it from the rock after all this time is now the rightwise king born of somewhere.  -via Metafilter

(Image credit: Dr. Woidich)

The ESA spacecraft carrying the James Webb Space Telescope launched on Christmas morning 2021 from the Centre Spatial Guyanais in the city of Kourou in French Guiana. You may wonder what a European spaceport is doing in South America. The French space agency CNES was established in 1961 with a spaceport in Algeria, which was then part of the French empire. Algeria fought and won their independence in 1962, and the space agency had to start all over. They selected French Guiana because it was already a French territory and had good conditions for space launches. They built Kourou specifically for the space center, evicting around 600 villagers to do so.

But French Guiana, and particularly the Salvation Islands off its coast, has a sordid history. Until the mid-20th century, it was France's penal colony. After slavery was abolished in France, the country sent prisoners to South America to serve out their sentences- and to harvest crops and build infrastructure. Of the 80,000 or so prisoners sent to French Guiana, the majority never made it back to France even after their sentences were up. This was the setting of the book and movie Papillon. Read about the space centre built overtop a notorious penal colony at Supercluster. -via Smithsonian

(Image credit: Adèle Roncey)

I should clarify that Everard Digby's book De Arte Natandi was English in the sense that it was published in England. Digby, a theologian at Cambridge University, wrote The Art of Swimming in Latin. A few years later, Christopher Middleton translated it into English, which you can read online here.

The Public Domain Review describes De Arte Natandi within the context of European swimming practices of the time. The crawl was seen as an uncivilized stroke, but Digby does provide practical help for people who wish to swim through other means, such as the sidestroke:

This kinde of swimming, though it be more laborious, yet is it swifter then any of the rest, for that lying vpon one side, striking with your feete as when you swimme on your bellie, but that the pulling in and thrusting out of his hand, which then did onely keepe him vp, doe now helpe to put him forward: for onely the lower hand supporteth his bodie, and the vpper hand roweth like an Dare, as in this example.

De Arte Natandi came with at least thirty illustrations, all of which evidence that the swimsuit is a rather recent invention.

Fathers Day would not be complete without Darth Vader jokes. Star Wars fans of a certain age still haven't gotten over the twist in The Empire Strikes Back, the one that turned a single space adventure into an epic family saga. Too bad that was the peak of the series. (Dragging Leia into the family didn't happen until The Return of the Jedi, and never made much sense anyway. I think Lucas just did that solely so we wouldn't feel bad for the hero who didn't get the girl in the end. But I digress.) You'll have to recall what was said during that battle, because this video only has grunts, but I suspect you know what happened.

In this holiday vignette from LEGO, we finally see what caused Darth Vader to do a sudden turnaround and decide his loyalties were with his son instead of the Emperor. A simple gift causes Vader to think about all the things that might have been if he had spent his time as a dad instead of a Sith Lord. Send this post to your Dad to give him a smile for Fathers Day. -via Geeks Are Sexy

The 2009 Disney Princess movie The Princess and the Frog is loosely based on the Grimm's fairy tale The Frog Prince. But the character of Tiana, the "princess," was inspired by a real person. Disney wanted to place a fairy tale in the United States with a Black protagonist, and after a lot of changes to the project, focused on the real-life story of Leah Chase of New Orleans, “the Queen of Creole Cuisine.” The parts of the story that were not from The Frog Prince are Chase's.

According to Leah Chase's daughter Stella Chase, it was always her mother's dream to open a restaurant. She fell in love with a New Orleans musician whose parents owned a po-boy stand. They married, and Chase worked in the kitchen, honing the cooking skills she brought from her large family. When she and her husband Edgar inherited the restaurant, she expanded it and introduced an extensive menu of Creole cuisine. Now named Dooky Chase's Restaurant, the establishment became a meeting place and a refuge during the Civil Rights Movement. Read about Leah Chase and how her legacy figures into The Princess and the Frog at Gizmodo.

(Image credit: Disney Parks/Sabina Graves/Gizmodo)

Pictured above is a pair of Great Tits.

Last year, researchers Els Atema, Arie van Noordwijk, and Simon Verhulst published the results of their study of Great Tits (Parus Major) in the journal Molecular Ecology. I bring it to your attention because I know that Neatorama readers take a great interest in this topic.

The scientists wanted to know if adding weight to a Great Tit, and thus increasing the physical workload it must endure while moving, would alter the telomere regions of its DNA sequence. They added a backpack weighing 0.9 grams to these birds and tracked their locomotion. At the end of their study, they found no significant changes to the attrition of the birds' telomeres. Perhaps the birds were physically stressed by the added weight, but they seemed to bounce back just fine.

Photo: Highway 45

As a father, I can see how this gets started. Rental bounce houses are popular at kids' birthday parties and other festive events. I've certainly thought about joining in on the fun. But is it okay to bounce along with the kids? Maybe not. It might look weird.

So, the Wall Street Journal (sorry, paywalled article) reports, companies that offer bounce house events are increasingly marketing their services to adult-oriented events, such as weddings, as well as offer bounce house events just for adults. Thus us grown ups can jump around without feeling socially awkward or worrying about accidentally falling on and injuring a child.

That said, we geezers aren't as flexible and nimble as we used to be. The Wall Street Journal reports that injuries occur, so it's necessary to know one's limits and get medical attention if you're a wuss you get hurt while bouncing around like the kid you are at heart.

-via Dave Barry | Photo: Big Bounce America

The European Space Agency's Mars Express spacecraft has been mapping Mars for twenty years now. In honor of the occasion, the space agency has released a global color mosaic of the red planet that's more than just red. The High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) science team has stitched together 90 images taken from 4000 to 10,000 kilometers above the surface to show the features of Mars in the clearest detail yet.

Mars look pretty much all red in the images we've seen before, because the planet has so much iron oxide. That's what we call rust. But Mars also has more dense, dark bluish-gray sand made of volcanic basalt that formed enormous dunes across the center of the planet from this angle. It also has clay and sulphates that formed from the contact of water with volcanic materials that show up as lighter colors. Read more about the image and how it was made at the German Aerospace Center.  -via Kottke

(Image credit: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin (G. Michael))

When you think of Nevada's Clown Motel, you think of it as one of the few surviving examples of American tourist kitsch. Or you may know its reputation for being haunted. How could you think otherwise, when you are surrounded by clowns? There are 2,000 of them in the lobby alone! But if you are staying overnight in the town of Tonopah, you won't have anything else to do but learn some of its history, and that can be rather frightening.

Tonopah was a silver mining boom town that sprung up out of nothing around 1900, with about 3,000 people. But in 1905, the miners began dying quickly and horrifically from a malady that made their necks swell up and their bodies turn black. This "Death Harvest" killed so many men that quite a few other miners fled the town. Then in 1911, a fire in the mine killed another 17 workers. One of them was Clarence David, who collected clowns. His children grew up and opened the Clown Motel in 1985. Tonopah's cemetery is right next to the Clown Motel, and holds around 300 graves dated between 1901 and 1911. Those buried there include victims of the Death Harvest, the mine fire, childhood disease, and murder. Read about the gruesome history of Tonopah and the Clown Hotel at New Lines Magazine. You can also listen to the article. -via Strange Company

PS: Chloe Moriondo's music video mentioned in the article is not out yet, but it will appear at her YouTube channel when it's available.

(Image credit: Gillfoto)

King Charles III will likely be too busy to resume one of his former hobbies: painting. Since the 1970s, he's dabbled in watercolors, mostly creating landscapes. He actually held an exhibition in 1977, but has since given less attention to the arts in favor of his royal duties.

CNN reports that some of the King's earlier works will go up for auction with Hansons Auctioneers. The house will broker the sale of several drawings that Charles made as a little boy, including portraits of his mother and father. Hansons anticipates final sale prices between $6,500 and $12,700. These include the above portrait of Queen Elizabeth II rendered when Charles was five or six years old.

-via Nag on the Lake

Guy tries to break into hotel room while owner is there
by u/OnyxUnix in nope

A woman at the Holiday Inn in San Jose, California, ignored a knock on her door. Not long afterward, she saw a lock monkey snake its way into her room. She called the front desk and then recorded the break-in attempt. Hotel staff came and found a man and a woman who said they were looking for a friend. The couple got away before police arrived. The would-be intruders were obviously looking to rob a supposedly unoccupied room, since they knocked earlier to see if anyone was there. But it could have gone bad if she had confronted them herself. Here is the news report.



Yeah, I don't think switching to Airbnb would be any safer. But there are travel aids you can get that will block a door opening while you are in a hotel room. Something to think about. -via reddit

("Sahara" is Arabic for "desert". "Gobi" is Mongolian for "desert", and "Kalahari" is Tswana for "desert")

— foone🏳️‍⚧️ (@Foone) July 19, 2018

I know a guy from the Gambia, which is a small country surrounded on three sides by Senegal. The Gambia consists of both sides of the Gambia River down to the Atlantic Ocean. I asked him what "Gambia" means. He said, "River." I couldn't help but laugh. @Foone once mused about these confounding names that just happen when translated into other languages as they would apply to a potential universal translator, the kind they use in the Star Trek Universe. Aliens would think us mad.

"Here we are in Chad, looking upon the mighty Lake Chad!"
"Ahh yes, the land of Lake, bordering the Lake Lake. Another fine human name. "

— foone🏳️‍⚧️ (@Foone) July 19, 2018

Thankfully, Bredon Hill in Worcestershire is actually a hill, since it'd be just silly to name anything other than a hill "Hill Hill Hill". pic.twitter.com/6qX8ppAutt

— foone🏳️‍⚧️ (@Foone) July 19, 2018

These are called tautological place names, and Wikipedia has a list of them. It's not exhaustive, because the Gambia is not included. There's a lot more to the discussion in the Twitter thread, much of it laugh-inducing. -via Geeks Are Sexy

Have you ever wanted to be in the Guinness Book of World Records? Canistus Coonghe of Sri Lanka is. He's secured fame by growing the largest (by volume and weight) kidney stone in the world.

Are you jealous of Mr. Coonghe?

Doctors in Colombo sugically removed the kidney stone, which was larger than the actual kidney in which it previously resided.* It measures over 5 by 4 inches across and weighs 1.76 pounds.

Mr. Coonghe's doctors reported that the rather stretched kidney had been working well prior to the operation. He's now recovering and, let us hope, taking joy in his fame.

Photos: Guinness World Records

*In a way, a kidney is like a TARDIS.

Have you ever thought about what archaeologists 1,000 years from now will think when they dig up artifacts of our lives? If civilization, or even mankind itself, can hold out that long, they may be quite confused. Imagine that they dug up a museum and dated the structure to the 21st century. The museum holds artifacts dating to, say, 1,000 BCE, but will the future archaeologists know that? It's happened already that archaeologists find collections of artifacts that are much older than their location would indicate. But one ancient collection stands out because it was a real museum with even more ancient artifacts properly labeled and dated. And it was run by a woman.

Ennigaldi-Nanna was a priestess and a princess of the Neo-Babylonian Empire. She was also an archaeologist and a museum curator, establishing her museum of artifacts around 530 BCE in Ur (modern Iraq). Her displays dated back as far as 2,000 BCE! The museum was discovered in 1925, and has yielded a treasure trove of ancient information. Ennigaldi, who was way ahead of her time, labeled her finds in three languages, including Sumerian, which modern language experts can translate. After the collapse of the Sumerian kingdom, the museum was lost and the practice of labeling artifacts fell out of use for another couple of thousand years. Read about Ennigaldi-Nanna's unique museum at Messy Nessy Chic.

(Image credit: M.Lubinski)

Nothing will clear a room of cats faster than a vacuum cleaner. They are large, mysterious, and worst of all, they make an infernal noise. While there are a few outlying exceptions, cats hate vacuum cleaners. Except Roombas, because Roombas don't make that much noise and they are fun to ride around on.

Simon's Cat is a typical cat, and hates the big, noisy vacuum cleaner. So does the kitten. In this video, they team up together to defeat the enemy. It's nice to see them getting along after all these years of jealousy and spite. And it's nice to have a Simon Tofield video in color!