How George McJunkin Reset the History of Native Americans

Before the 20th century, some scientists thought that humans arrived in the New World around 1000 BCE or so. It was only when the Folsom Site near Folsom, New Mexico, was excavated that evidence of Native Americans were found that confirmed they were here during the last Ice Age. That might never have happened without George McJunkin.  

George McJunkin was born enslaved in Texas and became a cowboy after the Civil War. He was also a self-taught archaeologist and naturalist who was always on the lookout for bones and artifacts in the scrublands of New Mexico, where he managed a ranch. In 1908, a heavy rain flooded the arroyos. Surveying the damage, McJunkin noticed bones that had been unearthed by floodwaters washing away the soil. They were bison bones, much larger than any existing bison. He took some samples of what turned out to be an extinct species that died out at the end of the last Ice Age. McJunkin died in January 1922. He didn't live to see the Folsom site excavated and studied, but he spent the last 14 years of his life trying to convince others of its importance. There is some question about exactly who found the arrowhead embedded in the bison bones of the extinct species, but that discovery reset the narrative over the historical timeline, showing that humans were in New Mexico at least 11,000 years ago.

Read about the life and discoveries of George McJunkin at Sapiens. -via Atlas Obscura