Seeing all those clothes hanging out before dryers became common, you have to wonder if everyone really did their laundry on Mondays, or did you see this kind of thing every day? Buzzfeed has a collection of 15 pictures of laundry day in New York City in the 1930s. Link
(Image credit: Marjorie Content)
This past summer, I was the guest of an elderly lady living in a small town in what was East Germany. Her apartment was in a lovely old building and her kitchen windows opened up onto a common courtyard shared by everyone in her building. The 2 sides and back of the courtyard were formed by a communal summer kitchen, tool shed/garden area and laundry 'house' that must have operated much as you described. Things looked disused but nearly intact and it was easy to see the residents using it. This, however, was not a tenement but a nice apartment building...