While the army in Avatar is undoubtedly American, the idea of people siding with an indigenous population against an imperialistic force is something that China was not comfortable with. That's why shortly after the release of the movie in China, the authorities decided the movie could only be shown in 3D. Since there are very few 3D theaters in China, the move was effectively a ban on the film.
Read the reasoning behind the other bans at Oddee. Link
Avatar was in theatres for ages, and if the government wasn't comfortable with it, it would have never made it to the theatres in the first place (most big foreign films don't). They pulled Avatar because they really really wanted to push a movie about Confucius. Lately, the propaganda has become increasingly nationalistic, and they constantly push a heavily-reinterpreted version of Confucian thought as a touchstone in Chinese national achievement and culture. Even though it was privately-made, the government was hoping for a huge blockbuster, and the marketing was relentless.