1890 Text Messages



One hundred years before the popularity of cell phones, “text messages” were popular with bored telegraph operators who would message their counterparts on the other side of the country. While we take it for granted imagine the novelty of being able to regularly communicate with someone thousands of miles away in the year 1890.
Telegraph operators on opposite sides of the country had some time to get to know each other when they weren’t busy sending other people’s messages. “Metaphorically they shake hands cordially twice a day — when they begin work and when they end it. And when business is dull they hold long conversations, with hundreds of miles — perhaps thousands — separating them, as two friends might do over a dinner table.”

What really caught my eye, though, is that the abbreviations they used seem a lot like the abbreviations used in today’s text messages.

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Fleshy starfish like this one move by thousands of tiny tube feet on their underside. It's almost as if each arm is a millipede, but the millipede legs end in suction cups. The overall effect of their locomotion is a gliding movement. Here's a good YouTube look at the tube feet underneath:
http://youtube.com/watch?v=4IRF-pKVtuU

Brittle stars, skinnier starfish relatives, do move more by walking with their legs.
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The main place I've found starfish is tide pools. Not exactly current-filled.

But to me it looks like these starfish arent underwater at all, at least near the end.
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Hi. I made this time lapse. It was filmed outside on rocks that created something like tidal pools. Mostly just rocks covered in seaweed, barnacles, snails and other critters. Its difficult to see that the orange sea star comes about half out of water in its shot, and then goes back under again. I used a polarizer to cut glare off the water. I'm also surprised that the lighting came out so well, but it was a clear blue sky that day, so the light was steady, giving the appearance of indoor lighting. Not done in an aquarium though!
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