It doesn't look like it, but the girl in the illustration above has two gray eyes. (And some vicious-looking fingernails.) This is due to the "opponent process" our brain uses to interpret signals from photoreceptors in our eyes--a process that sometimes produces weird and counterintuitive visual results. There are more illusions with full explanations in Scientific American's "Colors Out of Space" slideshow. Link
Image: Akiyoshi Kitaoka
anyway, are you colorblind? I ask only because I truly "see" one blue eyes. I had to copy the image into Paint and delete the red portions before I could believe it is grey.
Or to put it another way, if I shot an actual image of an actual house with an aggressive red filter and I found some random blue object (say, a watering can) to be rendered as gray in the final image, could I legitimately claim that I produced an amazing optical illusion because the watering can appears blue but is in fact gray? No, I could not, because my "grey" watering can was in fact blue, and my photo was not an optical illusion. Therefore this is not an optical illusion either, because the left eye is actually blue.
So no, this isn't just a case of me trying to admit that I'm not fooled by optical illusions.
The optical illusion still kind of worked though b/c the grey did start to show more once I got rid of all of the red.
Anyway, the effect is very real indeed, there are a lot of similar examples to be found on the net (or in the original article).
So.. pixels -> grey; what you see -> blue. Hence: optical illusion.
By the way, to all the left-eye-greyness-deniers, the left eye is grey. It just is, you know it, everybody who can use MS paint knows it, and trying to find bluish pixels is missing the point.
An optical illusion is when you're deceived into thinking that two lines have different lengths when in fact they have the same length; or when you're deceived into thinking something is moving when in reality it's static -- but when you're being "deceived" into thinking that something is blue when in reality it actually is blue... not much of an illusion.
Also, the eye is indeed a bit greenish, which is indicative of the fact that whoever created this image probably did exactly what I described in my watering can example above: I guess they actually painted the eye blue, and then fiddled with a red filter until they reached the point where the filter approximated grey for the eye. If the "illusion" had been constructed cleanly then there would've been no color spill (as proper, geometrical illusions are constructed, like the other three in the gallery mentioned in the post).
For a complete explanation pick up one of these books (they all explain it): The Engine of Reason The Seat of the Soul by Paul Churchland, Brain-Wise by Pat Churchland, The Astonishing Hypothesis: The Scientific Search for the Soul by Francis Crick, The Quest for Consciousness: A Neurobiological Approach by Christoph Koch.
There is also a video called The Neuroscience of Nothing which explains contrast luminosity, but the simplest way of explaining any of this kind of thing is to point to the completely relative nature of everything that the human mind produces. Color is not a concrete empiric quality, but is a relative continuum generated by your mind. Just like... your idea of your self and your idea of an actually existing objective world.
http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Color_vision