That's "Toto Mitsumata no Zu," a drawing by artist Utagawa Kuniyoshi, showing a couple of men working to waterproof their boat. It's a fine piece of ukiyo-e style woodblock print and a rather mysterious example of time travel artefact.
You see, the woodblock print, which is dated from 1831, clearly showed the Tokyo Sky Tree being built today:
The ukiyo-e print drew particular attention over mysterious tower depicted on the left part of the work, leading some to surmise that the artist had predicted the emergence of Tokyo Sky Tree in modern times. [...]
The left side of the work shows two thin, high-rise buildings looking down on the town of old Tokyo across the river. The one on the far left is believed to be a fire-watch tower. However, experts say no building as tall as the mysterious one next to it existed back in those days.
Link - via metafilter
A clear case of ukiyo-e-shop!
Occam suggests 2 or 3. I am going with 3.
Some modern architecture in Japan mirrors ancient. It is not that far of a stretch to model the new tower after an old pagoda. Which is what that appears to be.
As for the artist. There is a lot of his work that is "trippy". find out what bridge that is, and you know what that is.
....and people wonder why the world views Americans as idiots.
First bit: It's not a very elaborate design, the similarity could very easily be a coincidence, as they did have spires at that point in history, and despite their actual size at the time, art is wont to exaggerate.
Second bit: Perhaps someone was influence by said artwork? That's been done as well.
http://www.baxleystamps.com/litho/hasegawa/hokusai_fuji.shtml - the same construction but from other spirit